The Church of St. Irene (tour.Aya Irini, Greek.ΑγίΑ ΕιρήΝη, Agia Irina) is one of the earliest surviving churches in Constantinople, dedicated to the "Holy, Divine Peace" (and not to Saint Irene), which came after many years of internecine war.
Contrary to popular belief, and in the presence of external Muslim symbols, it has never been a mosque.
The church is located in the historical center of Istanbul in the Sultanahmet district in the first courtyard of the Topkapi Palace.
It was built under the Roman Emperor Constantine I the Great at the beginning of the IV century on the site of the ruins of the ancient temple of Aphrodite, and was the main temple of the city of Byzantium. The vestibule of the church is lined with mosaics from the time of the Byzantine Emperor Justinian (VI century), inside which there is a sarcophagus with the remains of Constantine.
In 381, it hosted meetings of the Second Ecumenical Council. In 532, during the city riots, the church was burned down. By 537, it was reconstructed by Emperor Justinian, becoming a domed basilica. It was severely damaged during the earthquake in 740, after which, in 753, it was again heavily reconstructed.
The figured mosaics died in the era of iconoclasm, and a mosaic cross flaunts in place of the traditional Savior of the Almighty in Konkha.
After the conquest of Constantinople in 1453, the church was not converted into a mosque and there were no significant changes in its appearance.
During the XV-XVIII centuries, the temple building was used by the Ottomans as armories. In 1846, an Archaeological Museum was opened here, and in 1869 it was transformed into the Imperial Museum. A few years later, in 1875, his exhibits were moved to the Tiled Pavilion due to insufficient space. In 1908, a Military museum was opened in the church building, which existed until 1978.
Nowadays, the church of St. Irene is also in disrepair, pigeons feel like hosts here. The galleries and courtyard are closed to the public, and periodically serves as a concert hall for a music festival.
Entering the church, you need to go down 5 meters. Yes, this is how the cultural layer has risen over 1.5 thousand years. Pay attention to the striking marble stones taken from the temple of Aphrodite, columns with capitals and monograms of Justinian and Theodora.
Also pay attention to the symbolism in this church, which has survived the era of iconoclasm:
Symbols:
— Three windows symbolize the Trinity in the Christian world;
— Cintron — seats for bishops rising in an amphitheater, symbolizes Mount Golgotha, where Christ was crucified;
— A golden cross (also known as the Golgotha Cross), made in the form of a mosaic with black contours on gold. The cross stands on a three-step pedestal, that is, as if in the middle of the whole earth. Despite its apparent simplicity, the Cross is amazingly executed: its lines give the impression of straight lines, despite the fact that the surface of the apse is concave.
This is a holy place for all Christians in the world. The basilica is beautiful in its own way and worth seeing. However, sometimes trees make it difficult to appreciate this masterpiece as a whole.
inside there are only brick walls,
used as a concert hall with excellent acoustics;
they are not allowed on the 2nd floor,
the face on the main dome is painted with swords
Beautiful architecture and unfortunately poor care of the world architectural monument. Plaster is falling off, castle bricks are gradually falling out in the arches, cracks in the arches and the dome. Beauty goes hand in hand with indifference. Be sure to come, you definitely need to see this fading beauty.